Chronic liver disease
Incidental findings Clubbing, tattoos
+ve signs Icterus, dupuytren’s, scratch marks, spider naevi, gynaecomastia, ascites
Differential diagnosis
Function Compensated/decompensated: Hepatic flap, encephalopathy, ascites
Tests FBC – anaemia chronic disease
LFTs including GGT
Hep screen: viral serology, autoantibodies, iron+ferritin, AFP
USS abdomen
Causes
Alcohol
Viral hepatitis
Autoimmune: CAH, PBC
Metabolic: Haemochromatosis, Wilson’s, α1AT
Notes

  • Defined as diffuse liver abnormality characterized by fibrosis and abnormal regenerating nodules
  • Other causes: R heart failure, constrictive pericarditis, budd-chiari, PSC, galactosaemia, storage disorders
  • Complications cirrhosis: portalhypertension, variceal haemorrhage, heaptic encephalopathy, ascites, hepatorenal syndrome
  • Precipitants hepatic encephalopathy: Infection, diuretics, Upper GI haemorrhage
  • Management variceal bleeding: ABC, blood transfusion, endoscopy, octreotide if no rsponse then consider TIPPS